Toward understanding the functions of peer influence: A summary and synthesis of recent empirical research PMC

Other models, apart from the consensus dynamics, can also be adapted to account for https://thefloridadigest.com/top-5-advantages-of-staying-in-a-sober-living-house/, opening new avenues in the analysis of these networked systems. Network studies confirm that adolescent friends become more similar over time in physical activity (de la Haye et al., 2011; Long et al., 2017) and body weight (Simpkins et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2015). Over time, adolescent friends become more similar in terms of their sexual experiences (Prinstein et al., 2003; Trinh et al., 2019). Adolescent alcohol and drug use are clearly shaped by friends (Allen et al., 2020; Hiatt et al., 2017) and peer group affiliates (Burk et al., 2012; Osgood et al., 2013). Peers may play a role in the adoption of the habit (McMillan et al., 2018), but they do not determine the rate at which an adolescent smokes (DeLay et al., 2013; Mathys et al., 2013), presumably because addictive behaviors are driven by endogenous motives.

Positive And Negative Peer Pressure

Seeking professional support goes beyond normalising – it can unearth root causes behind sensitive topics that peers may unconsciously prey upon. As a college student, recognising when you might benefit from different types of therapy is crucial for your overall well-being. Individuals are attracted to those with whom they share attitudes and interests. Similarities also increase the likelihood that social interactions will be rewarding, providing a familiar framework for conversations and activities. Peer pressure to use substances like alcohol and cannabis can unfold into problems with substance abuse.

Data sources

• Compelling evidence demonstrates that peer influence is a pervasive force during adolescence, one that shapes adaptive and maladaptive attitudes and behaviors.
• Influence has been tied to relatively peer acceptance, consistent with the notion that adolescents with few friends worry that noncompliance could lead to friendlessness (Laursen et al., 2012).
• Although PP is an elusive concept, it can be considered a decreasing function of a given individual’s socio-cultural distance from the group.
• Peer pressure is negative if it helps you to make poor choices, like doing illegal drugs, but it can be positive if working with a friend helps you to improve your grades.
• In the Stoplight driving game, participants are instructed to attempt to reach the end of a straight track as quickly as possible.
• In this evolutionary process, competitive learning and institutional isomorphism coexist as two states.

They are also typically striving for social acceptance and are more willing to engage in behaviors against their better judgment to be accepted. Have you ever done something that you wouldn’t do in a billion years just because you’re the only one in your friend group who hasn’t done it before? All authors were involved in the conceptualization and design of the study. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jinhua Guo and Shuaiwen Chang, and the preparation of materials, data collection, and analysis were done by Shuaiwen Chang. Some or all data, models, or codes generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by CF, and CL.

Sometimes our feelings are appropriate

For example, television shows can convey to the public an acceptable way to behave, even though the people on TV do not know every individual they are influencing. Developing romantic relationships is also a normal part of teenhood, but it can also lead to lots of peer pressure. Teens may feel pressure to do things in a romantic relationship that they are not ready for, just to prove that they care about the other person. The pressure to be in a relationship may also be significant, even if teens don’t feel ready to be in one yet. Sober House —indirect peer pressure is subtle but can still be toxic. Maybe you overhear some gossip about another person, and your behavior toward them changes based on the gossip alone.

Negative Peer Pressure

When you’re faced with a choice, ask yourself what your reasons are for doing something. If it’s because all of your friends are doing it and you’re afraid they won’t talk to you if you don’t join them, then you may want to reconsider. If you know smoking is bad for you, do not smoke even if your group of friends do so.

EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FOR THE INFLUENCE‐COMPATIBILITY MODEL

For instance, adolescents adopt “binge drinking” not only by copying their mates but also by observing similar behavior among others of a similar age, education and social class. Then, we argue that this socio-cultural distance can be captured in a model by considering the shortest path distance between two actors in their social group. The shortest path distance is the number of steps in the shortest path connecting the two actors. The influence that an actor receives/produces from/for others in her social network, i.e., peer pressure, decays as a function of this socio-cultural distance, which separates the two actors32. In this work, we have presented a methodology to address the previously unexplored influence of the combined action of direct and indirect peer pressure on social group dynamics. The developed model considers that the consensus dynamics is controlled not only by the agreement between directly connected peers, but also by the influence of those peers which are socially or culturally close to them.

For example, a high school student might begin smoking because their friends do it, believing it will help them gain acceptance and avoid social rejection. In contrast to the relatively sudden changes in social processing that occur around the time of puberty, cognitive capacities supporting efficient self-regulation mature in a gradual, linear pattern over the course of adolescence. Indeed, evidence is growing for a direct link between structural and functional brain maturation during adolescence and concurrent improvements in cognitive control.

• Nurture connections with those who build you up as is, not those who require you to compromise core aspects of yourself to belong.
• This is because, on the one hand, economic activities and technological choices among enterprises within an industry or region tend to converge due to similarities in market demand and policy environment.
• To summarize, first, current research on industrial robot applications mainly focuses on their economic benefits, while relatively few studies have explored their environmental benefits.

• As enterprises in the same industry possess similar technologies, knowledge, and innovation experience, the industry peer effect accelerates the circulation and sharing of these resources within the cluster.
• The influence that an actor receives/produces from/for others in her social network, i.e., peer pressure, decays as a function of this socio-cultural distance, which separates the two actors32.
• In this article, we look at peer pressure and how it relates to drug use in more detail.
• Friend similarity decreases after the onset of dating, at the same time that romantic partners become more similar.
• When applied to youth, it became clear that conformity responses increased across childhood, peaked during early adolescence, and declined thereafter (Costanzo & Shaw, 1966).
• If you have found yourself doing things that you actually didn’t want to do, or even engaged in risky behavior just for the sheer pressure and expectations of your social circle, then you have experienced the dreaded peer pressure.

Finally, the application of industrial robots in peer enterprises helps to gather advanced production factors such as technology and data in the industry and region. Through introducing intelligent technologies and equipment, enterprises can realize automation and intelligence in the production process, providing a new impetus for carbon emission reduction and sustainable development of focal enterprises. The results indicate that moderate industry competition promotes enterprises to share green innovation outcomes, generating technology spillovers and learning effects, thereby facilitating the diffusion of energy-saving and emission-reducing technologies within the same industry.

• This influence comes from a person’s peers who are typically the same age, go to the same school, work the same job, are in the same social circle, or have the same interests.
• If you feel uncomfortable with what your peers are doing, formulate a plan or an excuse to exit the situation.
• The goal of peer pressure is to convert a person’s view or perception in order to make them to participate in a specific act.

This can affect anyone at any given age, but it takes a tool mostly in adolescents because as they try to develop friendships and fit in, they end up falling prey to social pressure. To seek social acceptance they end up imitating behaviors of the same social group, i.e wearing the same clothes as their friends, listening to the same music, and watching the same tv shows. Unspoken pressure to conform can play a significant role in substance use. According to a 2012 study, passive peer pressure has a greater effect on teen smoking than active pressure. In other words, teens with friends who smoke are more likely to also smoke. Making healthy decisions is a crucial part of growing up to be a healthy and happy individual.